It's both but great composition can be ruined by poor technically executed photo. Like wise a technically executed photo can be boring.
I believe minor technical errors will be ignored by a strong composition.
Searching my blog for "composition" will have many posts.
This link has another view -> I'm against teaching composition rules. Rigorous following on the rules of composition leads to a lack of creativity.
I believe that they are guides but it is more helpful to actually show examples of good composition.
This discussion from Light Stalking is more informative than "rules" https://www.lightstalking.com/composition-mistakes/
In an article "Let’s be honest: how many of us truly memorize and apply these rules consciously in the practical world? More often than not, they’re just tools to make photography classes feel more structured rather than steps we actively follow subconsciously when photographing in the field."
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